A Rotterdam internship is a structured work placement, usually 3 to 6 months, hosted by a Dutch or international employer based in Rotterdam. Rotterdam hosts the largest seaport in Europe, and the Port of Rotterdam Authority describes the port area as a cluster of logistics, energy, and maritime companies that hire students every year. This guide explains where internships are advertised, which companies and sectors hire international students, what the application process looks like, how work permit and residence permit rules apply, what interns are typically paid, and how Erasmus University Rotterdam supports placements. It also covers role-specific routes across marketing, supply chain, data science, finance, and consulting, plus practical tools on Faruse. Read on for the full workflow.

What a Rotterdam Internship Actually Means for International Students

A Rotterdam internship is a temporary, learning-focused work placement in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, that combines real business activities with academic credit or early career experience. Most placements last one semester, and the majority of internships aimed at international students in Rotterdam are conducted in English.

Internship is a term used loosely across Europe, so it helps to define it precisely for the Dutch market. In the Netherlands, an internship (stage in Dutch) is normally tied to a study programme, supervised by both a company mentor and a university coordinator, and documented through an internship agreement signed by three parties. That three-way contract is the single most important administrative document in the whole process, and it is what separates an internship from ordinary employment.

Quick answer: A Rotterdam internship is a supervised work placement of roughly 3 to 6 months at an employer based in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Most internships for international students are run in English, tied to a university programme, and formalised through a three-way internship agreement between the student, the host company, and the university.

Internship vs Working Student Job vs Graduate Employment

Many candidates confuse three different types of activity. An internship is learning-led and credit-bearing. A side job or working student role is paid employment alongside study, with no academic component. Graduate employment is a full contract after graduation, often supported by a search year permit for non-EU graduates. Each carries different tax, permit, and contract implications, so labelling the activity correctly matters.

The distinction shapes your search. If your programme requires ECTS credits, you cannot simply accept a side job at a retail chain and call it a placement. If you only want experience and income, a working student job may be faster to secure and better paid. Reading the job title carefully helps: a posting labelled Stagiair, Stage, or Intern signals a curricular fit, while Werkstudent signals a side job.

Why International Students Choose Rotterdam

Rotterdam concentrates several industries that hire English speakers naturally. The port ecosystem drives logistics, supply chain, trade, and energy roles. Erasmus University Rotterdam feeds a dense student market that companies recruit from directly. Asset managers such as Robeco, consumer goods firms such as Unilever, and strategy consultancy OC&C maintain a presence in or near the city. Rotterdam is also compact, well connected to The Hague and Amsterdam by train, and cheaper than Amsterdam for student housing.

Faruse tracks English-speaking opportunities across the country, and you can filter by city when browsing English-speaking internships in the Netherlands to narrow your shortlist to Rotterdam-based employers before you start writing applications.

TIP: Before applying anywhere, ask your study programme coordinator exactly how many hours, weeks, and ECTS your placement must cover. Many rejected internship agreements fail on hour counts, not on company quality.

KEY TAKEAWAY: A Rotterdam internship is a supervised, mostly English-language placement of 3 to 6 months, and defining whether you need credit, income, or both determines every later decision in your search.

Once you know what kind of placement you need, the next question is which parts of the Rotterdam economy actually hire international interns.

The Rotterdam Job Market: Industries, Employers, and Where Internships Sit

Rotterdam internships cluster in six sectors: port and logistics, asset management and finance, consumer goods and retail, technology and data, media and creative industries, and university-linked research. The Port of Rotterdam is the anchor that shapes much of the surrounding demand.

Understanding the local economy prevents wasted applications. International students often send fifty generic applications across unrelated industries and receive silence. Candidates who study the city's employer base first typically apply to fewer companies with sharper, better targeted material and get more interviews.

Quick answer: The strongest internship sectors in Rotterdam are port and logistics, supply chain, asset management, consumer goods marketing, data science, and creative media. Employers frequently named in the Rotterdam internship market include the Port of Rotterdam, Robeco, Unilever, OC&C, Coca-Cola, The Ocean Cleanup, Deltalinqs, and Erasmus University Rotterdam departments.

Port, Logistics, and Supply Chain

The port is Europe's largest, and the ecosystem around it extends far beyond ships. Interns work on terminal digitalisation, energy transition projects, customs data, trade compliance, and sustainability reporting. Deltalinqs, the business association representing companies in the Rotterdam port and industrial area, coordinates industry projects that occasionally host student researchers. Supply Chain internships here are unusually practical because the physical flow of goods is visible and measurable.

Typical intern tasks include mapping container dwell times, building dashboards for terminal throughput, supporting Procurement Strategy and Operations projects, and analysing emissions data for the energy transition. Students with Excel, SQL, and basic Python skills stand out immediately.

Asset Management, Finance, and Quantitative Research

Rotterdam has a genuine asset management cluster. Robeco, headquartered in the city, is known for Sustainable Investing and runs summer internship programmes across investment teams. Finance internships in Rotterdam often touch Quantitative Research, Fixed Income Investing, Investment Solutions, and Client Portfolio Management. Practical intern projects include Bayesian regression models for factor research, a logistic model for default prediction, sovereign risk scoring, quant investing signal testing, a Python dashboard for portfolio monitoring, and analysis of multi-leg options strategies.

These internships attract econometrics, quantitative finance, and data science students. The teams that hire summer interns usually span fixed income, equities, multi-asset, sustainable investing research, and client portfolio management. Candidates should be able to explain at least one modelling project end to end, including data cleaning choices and limitations.

Consumer Goods, Retail, and Marketing

Unilever, Coca-Cola, and Procter and Gamble all recruit interns in the Netherlands across Brand Management, Digital Marketing, Retail category management, and Customer development. Marketing internships in Rotterdam often involve campaign analytics, shopper insight, content production, and Communication planning. A Strategic Sales Internship at a consumer goods company typically means supporting an account team with retailer data, promotional planning, and joint business plans.

Technology, Data, and Creative Media

Rotterdam's tech scene is smaller than Amsterdam's but real. SkyGeo works on satellite radar deformation monitoring. Thermeleon and other spinouts sit close to the Erasmus Centre for Entrepreneurship and Tech Incubator YES!Delft in nearby Delft. HousingAnywhere, the student housing marketplace, was founded by an Erasmus University Rotterdam student and hires interns in product, marketing, and data. Roles include AI Engineer, Data Engineer, Data Scientist, and UX/UI Design. Media internships appear at MediaCT, production houses, and the International Film Festival Rotterdam, where Stage Productie and Stage Programma RTM style postings surface seasonally.

Research, Health, and Impact Organisations

Erasmus MC and its Klinische Chemie department host laboratory and clinical research interns. The Ocean Cleanup, headquartered in Rotterdam, attracts engineering and communications interns. United Nations agencies advertise unpaid internships and National Expert postings through the United Nations Careers Portal, including work on Pandemic preparedness and initiatives such as SENTINEL surveillance projects. Erasmus Enterprise and Erasmus Research and Business Support connect academic work to corporate clients.

For most international students, the highest hit rate comes from port and logistics, consumer goods, and technology, because those sectors work in English by default and hire in volume. Media and public-sector roles are more competitive and more likely to expect Dutch.

DID YOU KNOW: The Port of Rotterdam Authority publishes background material on the port's operations, energy transition, and digitalisation, which students frequently use as source material for theses and class excursions.

KEY TAKEAWAY: Rotterdam internships concentrate in port and logistics, asset management, consumer goods, technology, media, and university research, and choosing two or three sectors beats scattering applications across twenty.

Knowing the sectors is only half the picture, so the next step is knowing exactly where those internships get advertised.

Where to Find Rotterdam Internship Opportunities: Platforms, Portals, and Company Pages

Rotterdam internship opportunities appear across four channels: university portals, Dutch student job platforms, international job boards, and company career pages. Using only one channel is the most common reason candidates find too few relevant listings.

Each channel has a different profile of employers, a different application process, and a different level of competition. University portals carry pre-vetted placements that satisfy academic requirements. Dutch student sites carry high volumes of side jobs and local internships, often posted in Dutch. International boards surface English-speaking roles at multinationals. Company career pages carry the structured summer programmes that never need external advertising.

Quick answer: The best places to find a Rotterdam internship are the Erasmus Intern Traineeship Portal and university InTouch listings, Dutch student platforms such as Magnet.me, Studentjob.nl, studentenwerk.nl and Collegelife.nl, international boards including Faruse and Glassdoor, and the direct career pages of Robeco, Unilever, the Port of Rotterdam, OC&C, and The Ocean Cleanup.

1. University Channels at Erasmus University Rotterdam

Erasmus University Rotterdam operates internal channels where companies publish internships, thesis projects, and research placements. The InTouch system is used to publish internship, placement, thesis, and research project offers so students can browse verified opportunities. Faculty career services also run career events, company presentations, and CV checks. If a vacancy list on a university page does not load, it is usually a cookie consent issue, and accepting cookies then refreshing the page restores the embedded vacancy feed.

The Erasmus Intern Traineeship Portal and Erasmus Enterprise, plus Erasmus Research and Business Support, connect students to companies looking for project teams and applied research. The Erasmus Centre for Entrepreneurship links students to startups that need lean, hands-on interns.

2. Dutch Student Job Platforms

Several Dutch platforms dominate the local student market. Magnet.me focuses on internships and starter jobs and is widely used by Dutch corporates and consultancies. Studentjob.nl and studentenwerk.nl carry side jobs, seasonal work, and internships. Collegelife.nl targets student jobs and internships with a student-life angle. Many of these listings are in Dutch even when the workplace language is partly English, so use a translation tool and check the language requirement line carefully.

3. International and English-First Platforms

International students benefit from platforms that filter for English-language roles. Glassdoor is useful for company reviews, salary ranges reported by employees, and interview question archives, which helps with preparation even when you apply elsewhere. Faruse focuses specifically on English-speaking roles across Europe, which removes the language filtering problem entirely. You can browse English-speaking internships across Europe and compare Rotterdam against Amsterdam, Berlin, or Paris in the same session.

4. Direct Company Career Pages

Structured programmes are frequently filled through direct applications. Robeco publishes summer internship information on its own careers site. Unilever, Coca-Cola, and Procter and Gamble use global graduate and internship portals. The Port of Rotterdam lists port-related student opportunities. OC&C advertises its Associate Consultant Internship directly. The United Nations Careers Portal lists Employment Opportunities including internships and National Expert postings, which sometimes include Rotterdam-adjacent assignments in The Hague.

For most international students, the strongest combination is a university portal for compliance, one Dutch platform for volume, one English-first platform for filtering, and direct company pages for the ten employers you most want. That combination usually produces more relevant listings than any single site.

IMPORTANT: Some university vacancy widgets and company portals block content until cookies or authentification steps are completed. If a listing page appears empty, accept cookies, refresh, and check whether the site requires a student login before assuming the role has closed.

KEY TAKEAWAY: Use four channels at once, because university portals, Dutch student sites, English-first platforms, and company career pages each hold internships the others never show.

Once you have listings in front of you, the next decision is which role type genuinely fits your degree and skills.

Rotterdam Internship Roles by Function: Marketing, Supply Chain, Data, Finance, and More

Rotterdam internships span marketing, communication, supply chain, customer and sales, data science, design, finance, consulting, media, HR, and legal functions. The right choice depends on your degree, your technical skills, and whether you want analytical or client-facing work.

Choosing a function early makes your CV coherent. Recruiters scan for a consistent story: a marketing student with a campaign project and analytics coursework reads better than a generalist claiming interest in everything. Below are the main functional routes with the tasks, skills, and typical employers attached to each.

1. Marketing and Brand Management

   Marketing internships in Rotterdam sit at consumer goods firms, agencies, and scale-ups. Interns support campaign execution, competitor analysis, shopper research, content calendars, and performance reporting. Brand Management placements at companies like Unilever involve category data, packaging projects, and consumer insight briefs.

   Use this when:

   • You study marketing, business administration, or communication
   • You can show a portfolio, campaign, or analytics project
   • You are comfortable with tools such as Google Analytics or Meta Ads Manager

   Best for: Business and communication students who want commercial exposure. Related listings appear under English-speaking marketing jobs in Europe.

2. Supply Chain, Procurement, and Port Operations

   Supply Chain internships involve demand planning, inventory analysis, supplier scorecards, and logistics optimisation. Procurement Strategy and Operations placements focus on category spend analysis and supplier negotiation support. Port-linked internships add customs, terminal throughput, and energy transition topics.

   Use this when:

   • You study supply chain management, industrial engineering, or economics
   • You are strong in Excel and can handle messy operational data
   • You want measurable outcomes such as cost or lead-time reduction

   Best for: Analytical students who prefer operations over creative work.

3. Data Science, AI, and Engineering

   Data Science, AI Engineer, and Data Engineer internships appear at scale-ups, satellite firms such as SkyGeo, health research groups, and asset managers. Work includes building pipelines, training models, validating AI and machine learning outputs, and producing a Python dashboard for internal stakeholders.

   Use this when:

   • You study computer science, econometrics, AI, or applied mathematics
   • You have a public repository showing real code
   • You can explain model limitations, not just accuracy scores

   Best for: Technical students. Related roles sit under English-speaking IT jobs in Europe.

4. Finance, Investment, and Quantitative Research

   Finance internships in Rotterdam include Investment Solutions, Sustainable Investing research, Fixed Income Investing support, Quantitative Research, and Client Portfolio Management. Projects can involve Bayesian regression, a logistic model for credit events, sovereign risk frameworks, quant investing backtests, or the pricing behaviour of multi-leg options strategies across asset classes.

   Use this when:

   • You study finance, econometrics, or quantitative economics
   • You can code in Python or R and use version control
   • You can discuss how an investor or corporate clients would use your output

   Best for: Quantitatively strong master students targeting Robeco-style employers.

5. Consulting and Strategy

   An Associate Consultant Internship at a strategy consultancy such as OC&C involves market sizing, expert interviews, data models, and client output slides. Interns are trained in structured problem solving and receive rapid feedback on consulting skills.

   Use this when:

   • You want brand-name experience and fast learning cycles
   • You can handle case interviews and numerical tests
   • You enjoy synthesising messy information into recommendations

   Best for: High-performing students from any analytical discipline.

6. Sales, Customer, and Business Development

   A Strategic Sales Internship supports account planning, customer segmentation, pipeline reporting, and joint business plans with retail partners. Customer-facing internships develop negotiation exposure that is hard to get elsewhere.

   Use this when:

   • You are comfortable talking to people and handling rejection
   • You want a route into commercial graduate schemes
   • You can show CRM or reporting familiarity

   Best for: Extroverted commercial students. See English-speaking sales jobs in Europe for comparable roles.

7. Media, Communication, and Creative Production

   Media internships include research at MediaCT, Stage Productie and Stage Programma RTM style production placements, and festival roles at the International Film Festival Rotterdam. Tasks include scheduling, guest coordination, subtitling, social content, and audience research. Leisure and Tourism internships also appear around city events.

   Use this when:

   • You study media, arts, journalism, or communication
   • You have production or editing samples
   • You accept that some roles expect Dutch

   Best for: Creative students willing to work event hours.

8. HR, Legal, and Corporate Functions

   Postings such as Stagiair HR Data and Branding combine people analytics with employer branding. Legal internships cover contract review support, compliance, and Dutch Chamber of Commerce registration questions for startups. UX/UI Design internships sit between product and marketing teams.

   Use this when:

   • You want corporate exposure without a sales quota
   • You have research and writing strength
   • You are detail-oriented and process-minded

   Best for: Law, HR, psychology, and organisational studies students.

Across all functions, the pattern is consistent: employers hire interns who can produce one concrete deliverable. Interns who arrive with a portfolio, a repository, or a modelling project convert applications into interviews at a noticeably higher rate than those who describe coursework only.

KEY TAKEAWAY: Pick one primary function and one backup, then build every CV bullet, portfolio item, and cover letter around that pair rather than applying broadly across unrelated roles.

With a function chosen, the practical question becomes what these internships pay and what living in Rotterdam costs.

Rotterdam Internship Salary, Allowances, and Cost of Living

Most Rotterdam internships pay a monthly allowance rather than a full salary, and the amount varies widely by sector and company size. Dutch minimum wage rules generally do not apply to curricular internships in the same way they apply to employment, so compensation is set by employer policy.

Internship allowance is a fixed monthly payment made to an intern in return for their contribution, usually lower than an employee salary because the placement is primarily educational. It matters because your allowance rarely covers full living costs in Rotterdam, so you need to plan additional funding.

Quick answer: Rotterdam internship allowances are commonly a few hundred euros per month at small organisations and higher at large multinationals, banks, and consultancies. Some non-profit and United Nations internships are unpaid. Always verify the exact allowance, travel reimbursement, and housing support in writing before signing an internship agreement.

What Influences Internship Pay

Five factors drive the number. Company size is the biggest: multinationals and asset managers pay more than startups. Sector matters, with finance, consulting, and technology typically above media and non-profit. Study level matters, since master-level placements often pay more than bachelor placements. Hours matter, because part-time placements are prorated. Finally, the country and legal structure matter, as a paid employment contract carries different obligations than a stage agreement.

Salary ranges are directional, not guaranteed. Typical ranges vary by employer, experience, and market conditions, and candidates should verify current allowance levels using live job postings, Glassdoor reports, and direct questions to recruiters. You can also compare broader compensation expectations using the Faruse salary benchmark tool before you negotiate.

Cost of Living Realities in Rotterdam

Rotterdam is cheaper than Amsterdam but not cheap. Your main costs are rent, health insurance, transport, food, and study materials. Student rooms are the largest single expense, and demand peaks in August and September. Platforms such as HousingAnywhere, founded in Rotterdam, were created specifically because international students struggled to secure housing before arrival.

• Housing: Book early, avoid paying deposits before viewing or verifying the landlord, and beware listings that pressure you to transfer money quickly.
• Transport: A bicycle is the cheapest and fastest way to move around Rotterdam. Public transport uses the OV-chipkaart system.
• Insurance: Rules on Dutch health insurance depend on whether you work and earn in the Netherlands, so confirm your obligation before you start a paid placement.
• Banking: A Dutch bank account or IBAN simplifies allowance payments and rent transfers.

Erasmus+ grants are available to eligible students undertaking traineeships abroad, and the European Commission describes Erasmus+ as supporting study and traineeship mobility within programme countries. Students should check eligibility with their home university's international office because rules differ by institution and country.

TIP: Ask every prospective host three financial questions in writing: what is the monthly allowance, are travel costs reimbursed, and is any housing or relocation support available. Companies rarely volunteer the second and third answers.

KEY TAKEAWAY: Treat the internship allowance as partial income, budget for Rotterdam housing separately, and confirm allowance, travel reimbursement, and insurance obligations in writing before accepting.

Money planning only works if you are legally allowed to intern in the Netherlands, which brings us to permits and paperwork.

Work Permit, Residence Permit, and Legal Requirements for a Rotterdam Internship

Your permit situation depends on nationality. EU, EEA, and Swiss nationals can generally intern in the Netherlands without a work permit, while most non-EU students need a valid residence permit and, in many cases, an employer-arranged work permit or an internship agreement that satisfies Dutch rules.

Work permit is an authorisation that allows a non-EU national to perform work in the Netherlands, usually applied for by the employer rather than the individual. Residence permit is the document that allows you to live in the Netherlands for a stated purpose such as study. Both matter because an internship can be treated as work, employment, or study depending on its structure.

Quick answer: EU, EEA, and Swiss students normally need no work permit for a Rotterdam internship. Non-EU students studying in the Netherlands usually rely on their study residence permit plus a three-party internship agreement, while non-EU students coming from abroad often need the host employer to arrange the correct permit. Requirements can vary by nationality, role, employer, and current immigration rules.

The Three Main Candidate Situations

1. EU, EEA, or Swiss national

   You have free movement rights and can generally take an internship without a work permit. You still need to register with the municipality if you stay beyond a short period, arrange health insurance, and obtain a citizen service number for payments.

2. Non-EU student enrolled at a Dutch university

   If you study at Erasmus University Rotterdam or another Dutch institution, your study residence permit typically allows a curricular internship when it is part of your programme and covered by an internship agreement signed by the student, the employer, and the university. Non-curricular paid work is usually restricted by hours and seasonal rules, so read your permit conditions carefully.

3. Non-EU student enrolled abroad, coming to the Netherlands

   If you study outside the Netherlands and want a Rotterdam internship, you usually need the host organisation to arrange the appropriate permit and paperwork before the Netherlands Point of Entry. Many small companies decline because of the administrative load, so target employers with existing international mobility processes.

Immigration rules change, and the exact route depends on your nationality, whether you are enrolled in the Netherlands, and how the placement is structured. Candidates from countries such as the Philippines, India, Nigeria, or Brazil should confirm current requirements directly with the Dutch immigration authority and their university international office before committing to a start date. The Faruse visa intelligence resource is useful for understanding general sponsorship patterns across European countries, but official government sources remain the authoritative reference.

Documents You Will Usually Need

Contracts, Deadlines, and University Statements

Students frequently need one of two contract routes. Either the host company provides its own internship contract, which the university then reviews and signs, or the university provides a standard internship agreement template that the company signs. Ask your faculty which route applies before negotiating with an employer, since a company using a non-compliant template can delay your start by weeks.

Deadline management matters more than most students expect. Universities often set fixed windows for registering a placement, submitting the agreement, and confirming ECTS. Some students also ask to postpone their graduation date so they remain enrolled during a placement, but not all students are eligible to do this. Postponement is typically unavailable to students who have already completed all requirements, who are past a defined administrative cutoff, or whose funding or permit status depends on their formal graduation date. Confirm eligibility with your study adviser rather than assuming.

IMPORTANT: Never start an internship before the agreement is signed by all three parties. Starting early can invalidate ECTS credit, complicate insurance coverage, and create permit problems that are difficult to fix retroactively.

Staying After Graduation

What do you do when, after your studies, you want to stay in the Netherlands and find a job? Non-EU graduates of Dutch higher education institutions may be eligible for an orientation year permit that allows time to search for work without employer sponsorship. Eligibility, duration, and application windows are set by Dutch immigration rules and can change, so verify current conditions with the official immigration authority. Registering a business instead requires interaction with the Dutch Chamber of Commerce and a different permit route.

KEY TAKEAWAY: Permit requirements hinge on nationality and enrolment status, and the three-party internship agreement plus a valid residence permit are the two documents that determine whether your Rotterdam internship is legal and credit-bearing.

With legal ground covered, the next task is producing an application that actually gets read.

The 12-Step Rotterdam Internship Application Process

The Rotterdam internship application process runs from role selection through offer and permit setup, and it takes most international students 8 to 16 weeks. Starting one full semester before your intended start date is the single strongest predictor of success.

The application process for internships in the Netherlands is generally more structured than in many countries. Employers expect a one-page CV, a short tailored motivation letter, and frequently an online assessment or a case interview. Corporate summer programmes at asset managers and consultancies often close applications months in advance.

Quick answer: Apply for a Rotterdam internship roughly four to six months before your intended start. Shortlist target employers, tailor a one-page CV, write a company-specific motivation letter, apply through the company portal or university system, prepare for a case or technical interview, then organise the internship agreement, permit, housing, and insurance once you receive an offer.

How to Apply Without Burning Out

Volume alone does not work. In real international job searches, students who send 100 identical applications typically receive fewer interviews than students who send 30 tailored ones. The reason is straightforward: Dutch recruiters read motivation letters for evidence that you understand the company's business activities and can contribute to specific office activities or project teams. A letter that names the team, the product, and one concrete idea outperforms a letter praising the company's reputation.

Build a simple tracker with columns for company, role, channel, date applied, contact person, follow-up date, and outcome. Review it weekly. If your interview rate is below roughly one interview per ten quality applications, the problem is usually CV formatting or role mismatch rather than effort.

If you are comparing Dutch cities before committing, browse English-speaking jobs in Rotterdam alongside Amsterdam and The Hague listings so you can see where your target function has the most live demand.

Timeline by Employer Type

• Asset managers and consultancies: Summer internship applications frequently open in autumn and close in winter, months before the placement starts.
• Multinational consumer goods: Rolling intake with several deadlines per year, plus assessment centres.
• Scale-ups and startups: Faster, often 2 to 5 weeks from application to offer.
• University research and Erasmus MC: Timelines follow academic terms and supervisor availability.
• United Nations and NGOs: Fixed vacancy windows through official Employment Opportunities portals.

KEY TAKEAWAY: Treat the Rotterdam internship application process as a 12-step project spread over four to six months, with tailored applications, direct recruiter contact, and paperwork handled before the start date.

Applications only convert when your CV and cover letter match Dutch employer expectations, which is the next area to get right.

CV, Cover Letter, and Interview Expectations for Dutch Employers

Dutch employers expect a concise one-page CV, a short tailored motivation letter, and interviews that focus on evidence rather than enthusiasm. Interns are assessed on practical contributions they can make from week one.

CV optimisation is the process of restructuring your CV so both applicant tracking systems and human recruiters can quickly identify your relevance to a specific role. It matters because most large Dutch employers screen applications through an applicant tracking system

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